V$PARAMETER

Displays information about the initialization parameters that are currently in effect for the session. A new session inherits parameter values from the instance-wide values displayed by the V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER view.

Columns
   ___________________________
 
   NUM
   NAME
   TYPE
   VALUE
   ISDEFAULT
   ISSES_MODIFIABLE
   ISSYS_MODIFIABLE
   ISMODIFIED
   ISADJUSTED
   DESCRIPTION
   UPDATE_COMMENT

The issys_modifiable column shows the type of parameter:

FALSE = Static parameter that cannot change its value in the lifetime of the instance.
IMMEDIATE = dynamic, can change the active instance as well as future database restarts.
DEFERRED = dynamic, changes only affect subsequent sessions.

Related:

List of all init.ora Parameters
Server Parameter Files - Examples - How to Edit
V$NLS_PARAMETERS
V$NLS_VALID_VALUES
V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER
V$PARAMETER2 - Formatted with one value per row