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1 Timothy 5

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1 Πρεσβυτέρῳ μὴ ἐπιπλήξῃς, ἀλλὰ παρακάλει ὡς πατέρα, νεωτέρους ὡς ἀδελφούς, 2 πρεσβυτέρας ὡς μητέρας, νεωτέρας ὡς ἀδελφὰς ἐν πάσῃ ἁγνείᾳ. 3 Χήρας τίμα τὰς ὄντως χήρας. 4 εἰ δέ τις χήρα τέκνα ἢ ἔκγονα ἔχει, μανθανέτωσαν πρῶτον τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον εὐσεβεῖν καὶ ἀμοιβὰς ἀποδιδόναι τοῖς προγόνοις, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ. 5 ἡ δὲ ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη ἤλπικεν ἐπὶ θεὸν καὶ προσμένει ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας: 6 ἡ δὲ σπαταλῶσα ζῶσα τέθνηκεν. 7 καὶ ταῦτα παράγγελλε, ἵνα ἀνεπίλημπτοι ὦσιν. 8 εἰ δέ τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ, τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται καὶ ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων. 9 χήρα καταλεγέσθω μὴ ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα γεγονυῖα, ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή, 10 ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς μαρτυρουμένη, εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησεν, εἰ ἐξενοδόχησεν, εἰ ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν, εἰ θλιβομένοις ἐπήρκεσεν, εἰ παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ ἐπηκολούθησεν. 11 νεωτέρας δὲ χήρας παραιτοῦ: ὅταν γὰρ καταστρηνιάσωσιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, γαμεῖν θέλουσιν, 12 ἔχουσαι κρίμα ὅτι τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν: 13 ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσιν, περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας, οὐ μόνον δὲ ἀργαὶ ἀλλὰ καὶ φλύαροι καὶ περίεργοι, λαλοῦσαι τὰ μὴ δέοντα. 14 βούλομαι οὖν νεωτέρας γαμεῖν, τεκνογονεῖν, οἰκοδεσποτεῖν, μηδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν διδόναι τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ λοιδορίας χάριν: 15 ἤδη γάρ τινες ἐξετράπησαν ὀπίσω τοῦ Σατανᾶ. 16 εἴ τις πιστὴ ἔχει χήρας, ἐπαρκείτω αὐταῖς, καὶ μὴ βαρείσθω ἡ ἐκκλησία, ἵνα ταῖς ὄντως χήραις ἐπαρκέσῃ.

1 Instead of finding fault, appeal to an older man as if he were thy father, to younger men as thy brothers, 2 to the older women, as mothers, to the younger (but with all modesty) as sisters. 3 Give widows their due, if that name really belongs to them;[1] 4 if a widowed woman is left with children or grandchildren, she must be warned that their own flesh and blood has the first claim on their piety. They must make due returns to those who gave them birth; that is what God asks of them.[2] 5 The woman who is indeed a widow, bereft of all help, will put her trust in God, and spend her time, night and day, upon the prayers and petitions that belong to her state; 6 one who lives in luxury would be alive and dead both at once.[3] 7 Warn them of this, too, or they will bring themselves into disrepute; 8 the man who makes no provision for those nearest him, above all his own family, has contradicted the teaching of the faith, and indeed does worse than the unbelievers do. 9 If a woman is to be put on the list of widows, she must have reached, at least, the age of sixty, and have been faithful to one husband.[4] 10 She must have a name for acts of charity; has she brought up children? Has she been hospitable? Has she washed the feet of the saints? Has she helped those who were in affliction? Has she attached herself to every charitable cause? 11 Have nothing to do with younger widows; they will live at their ease at Christ’s expense, and then be for marrying again,[5] 12 thus incurring the guilt of breaking the promise they have made. 13 Meanwhile, they learn habits of idleness as they go from house to house; nor are they merely idle, they gossip and interfere, and say what they have no right to say. 14 So I would have the younger women marry and bear children and have households to manage; then they will give enmity no handle for speaking ill of us. 15 Already there are some who have turned aside, to follow Satan. 16 Meanwhile, if a believer has any widows depending on him, he should undertake their support, leaving the church free to support the widows who are really destitute.

1 Seniorem ne increpaveris, sed obsecra ut patrem: juvenes, ut fratres: 2 anus, ut matres: juvenculas, ut sorores in omni castitate: 3 viduas honora, quæ vere viduæ sunt. 4 Si qua autem vidua filios, aut nepotes habet: discat primum domum suam regere, et mutuam vicem reddere parentibus: hoc enim acceptum est coram Deo. 5 Quæ autem vere vidua est, et desolata, speret in Deum, et instet obsecrationibus, et orationibus nocte ac die. 6 Nam quæ in deliciis est, vivens mortua est. 7 Et hoc præcipe, ut irreprehensibiles sint. 8 Si quis autem suorum, et maxime domesticorum, curam non habet, fidem negavit, et est infideli deterior. 9 Vidua eligatur non minus sexaginta annorum, quæ fuerit unius viri uxor, 10 in operibus bonis testimonium habens, si filios educavit, si hospitio recepit, si sanctorum pedes lavit, si tribulationem patientibus subministravit, si omne opus bonum subsecuta est. 11 Adolescentiores autem viduas devita: cum enim luxuriatæ fuerint in Christo, nubere volunt: 12 habentes damnationem, quia primam fidem irritam fecerunt; 13 simul autem et otiosæ discunt circuire domos: non solum otiosæ, sed et verbosæ, et curiosæ, loquentes quæ non oportet. 14 Volo ergo juniores nubere, filios procreare, matresfamilias esse, nullam occasionem dare adversario maledicti gratia. 15 Jam enim quædam conversæ sunt retro Satanam. 16 Si quis fidelis habet viduas, subministret illis, et non gravetur ecclesia: ut iis quæ vere viduæ sunt, sufficiat.

17 Οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιούσθωσαν, μάλιστα οἱ κοπιῶντες ἐν λόγῳ καὶ διδασκαλίᾳ: 18 λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφή, βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις: καί, ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ. 19 κατὰ πρεσβυτέρου κατηγορίαν μὴ παραδέχου, ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων. 20 Τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε, ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν. 21 Διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων, ἵνα ταῦτα φυλάξῃς χωρὶς προκρίματος, μηδὲν ποιῶν κατὰ πρόσκλισιν. 22 Χεῖρας ταχέως μηδενὶ ἐπιτίθει, μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις: σεαυτὸν ἁγνὸν τήρει. 23 μηκέτι ὑδροπότει, ἀλλὰ οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρῶ διὰ τὸν στόμαχον καὶ τὰς πυκνάς σου ἀσθενείας. 24 τινῶν ἀνθρώπων αἱ ἁμαρτίαι πρόδηλοί εἰσιν, προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν, τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν: 25 ὡσαύτως καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ πρόδηλα, καὶ τὰ ἄλλως ἔχοντα κρυβῆναι οὐ δύνανται.

17 Presbyters who have acquitted themselves well of their charge should be awarded double consideration; those especially, who bestow their pains on preaching and instruction:[6] 18 there is a passage in scripture which tells us not to muzzle the ox while it is threshing grain, and the labourer has a right to expect his maintenance.[7] 19 Do not take cognizance of any charge made against a presbyter, unless there are two witnesses or more. 20 Give a public rebuke to those who are living amiss, and thus put fear into the rest.[8] 21 I adjure thee in the sight of God and of Jesus Christ, and the angels he has chosen, to observe these rules without rash judgement, without yielding to partiality. 22 As for the imposition of hands, do not bestow it inconsiderately, and so share the blame for the sins of others. Keep thyself clear of fault.[9] 23 (No, do not confine thyself to water any longer; take a little wine to relieve thy stomach, and thy frequent attacks of illness.)[10] 24 Some men have faults that are plain to view, so that they invite question; with others, discovery follows upon the heels of enquiry; 25 so it is, too, with their merits; some are plain to view, and where they are not, they cannot long remain hidden.

17 Qui bene præsunt presbyteri, duplici honore digni habeantur: maxime qui laborant in verbo et doctrina. 18 Dicit enim Scriptura: Non alligabis os bovi trituranti. Et: Dignus est operarius mercede sua. 19 Adversus presbyterum accusationem noli recipere, nisi sub duobus aut tribus testibus. 20 Peccantes coram omnibus argue: ut et ceteri timorem habeant. 21 Testor coram Deo et Christo Jesu, et electis angelis, ut hæc custodias sine præjudicio, nihil faciens in alteram partem declinando. 22 Manus cito nemini imposueris, neque communicaveris peccatis alienis. Teipsum castum custodi. 23 Noli adhuc aquam bibere, sed modico vino utere propter stomachum tuum, et frequentes tuas infirmitates. 24 Quorumdam hominum peccata manifesta sunt, præcedentia ad judicium: quosdam autem et subsequuntur. 25 Similiter et facta bona, manifesta sunt: et quæ aliter se habent, abscondi non possunt.

[1] ‘Their due’, including their maintenance by public alms, according to the custom of the early Church (cf. Ac. 6.1). In Heb., the verb ‘to honour’ sometimes has the sense of monetary payment (cf. Ecclus. 38.1, and p. 16, note 2).

[2] ‘She must be warned’; the Greek manuscripts, and many of the Latin, have ‘they must be warned’. This seems the more probable reading, in view of verse 7.

[3] ‘Would be alive and dead both at once’; literally, ‘is dead while she still lives’. The sense appears to be, that she must not attempt to live a worldly life and claim, at the same time, the privileges of widowhood.

[4] There is the same uncertainty here as in 3.2 above.

[5] This verse is ordinarily translated ‘When they have begun to grow wanton against Christ’, but this does not translate the Latin, and is a very doubtful rendering of the Greek. St Paul surely means, ‘When they have finished living a luxurious life, upon the alms of the Christian community’.

[6] ‘Consideration’ here is the same word in Greek as ‘their due’ in verse 3 above, and is no doubt used partly in the same signification; cf. the verse which follows.

[7] Deut. 25.4; see also Mt. 10.10.

[8] ‘To those’, probably meaning ‘to those presbyters’; and the direction that they are to be rebuked in public is best understood as meaning ‘Before the other presbyters’.

[9] St Timothy is probably warned against ordaining presbyters without due enquiry into their character; but it seems that the imposition of hands was also used in remitting ecclesiastical censures, and some think this is the meaning here.

[10] This sentence interrupts the drift of the passage; probably St Paul suddenly remembered a question put to him, and answered it, as it were, in a foot-note.

Knox Translation Copyright © 2013 Westminster Diocese
Nihil Obstat. Father Anton Cowan, Censor.
Imprimatur. +Most Rev. Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster. 8th January 2012.
Re-typeset and published in 2012 by Baronius Press Ltd