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1 Maccabees 15

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1 καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἀντίοχος υἱὸς Δημητρίου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπιστολὰς ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων τῆς θαλάσσης Σιμωνι ἱερεῖ καὶ ἐθνάρχῃ τῶν Ιουδαίων καὶ παντὶ τῷ ἔθνει 2 καὶ ἦσαν περιέχουσαι τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον βασιλεὺς Ἀντίοχος Σίμωνι ἱερεῖ μεγάλῳ καὶ ἐθνάρχῃ καὶ ἔθνει Ιουδαίων χαίρειν 3 ἐπεί τινες λοιμοὶ κατεκράτησαν τῆς βασιλείας τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν βούλομαι δὲ ἀντιποιήσασθαι τῆς βασιλείας ὅπως ἀποκαταστήσω αὐτὴν ὡς ἦν τὸ πρότερον ἐξενολόγησα δὲ πλῆθος δυνάμεων καὶ κατεσκεύασα πλοῖα πολεμικά 4 βούλομαι δὲ ἐκβῆναι κατὰ τὴν χώραν ὅπως μετέλθω τοὺς κατεφθαρκότας τὴν χώραν ἡμῶν καὶ τοὺς ἠρημωκότας πόλεις πολλὰς ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ μου 5 νῦν οὖν ἵστημί σοι πάντα τὰ ἀφέματα ἃ ἀφῆκάν σοι οἱ πρὸ ἐμοῦ βασιλεῖς καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα δόματα ἀφῆκάν σοι 6 καὶ ἐπέτρεψά σοι ποιῆσαι κόμμα ἴδιον νόμισμα τῇ χώρᾳ σου 7 Ιερουσαλημ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἅγια εἶναι ἐλεύθερα καὶ πάντα τὰ ὅπλα ὅσα κατεσκεύασας καὶ τὰ ὀχυρώματα ἃ ᾠκοδόμησας ὧν κρατεῖς μενέτω σοι 8 καὶ πᾶν ὀφείλημα βασιλικὸν καὶ τὰ ἐσόμενα βασιλικὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν καὶ εἰς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον ἀφιέσθω σοι 9 ὡς {D'} ἂν κρατήσωμεν τῆς βασιλείας ἡμῶν δοξάσομέν σε καὶ τὸ ἔθνος σου καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν δόξῃ μεγάλῃ ὥστε φανερὰν γενέσθαι τὴν δόξαν ὑμῶν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ

1 Now turn we to Demetrius’ other son, Antiochus.[1] He it was directed a letter, from the islands over sea, to Simon, high priest and ruler of the Jews, and to the whole nation; 2 and this was the tenour of it. King Antiochus, to the high priest Simon and to the people of the Jews, greeting. 3 Here is the kingdom of my fathers overrun by ill folk; I mean to challenge them, and bring back the old ways. To this end, I have made a great levy of mercenaries, and built ships of war; 4 passage I needs must have through yonder territory, ere I can take vengeance for lands of mine ravaged, cities of mine laid waste. 5 This grant, then, I make thee; exemption, such as thou hadst, in the name of former kings, from public offerings and all other payment due to me; 6 the right of minting money within thy own borders; 7 for Jerusalem, enjoyment of her sacred liberties; of weapons thou hast made, strongholds thou hast built, the undisturbed possession. 8 Never a claim the king has, or shall have hereafter, on his subjects, but to thee it is remitted; 9 and, when the kingdom is ours, such honours we will bestow as shall make thee, and thy race, and its sanctuary, renowned all the world over.

1 Et misit rex Antiochus filius Demetrii epistolas ab insulis maris Simoni sacerdoti, et principi gentis Judæorum, et universæ genti: 2 et erant continentes hunc modum: Rex Antiochus Simoni sacerdoti magno, et genti Judæorum salutem. 3 Quoniam quidem pestilentes obtinuerunt regnum patrum nostrorum, volo autem vendicare regnum, et restituere illud sicut erat antea: et electam feci multitudinem exercitus, et feci naves bellicas. 4 Volo autem procedere per regionem ut ulciscar in eos, qui corruperunt regionem nostram, et qui desolaverunt civitates multas in regno meo. 5 Nunc ergo statuo tibi omnes oblationes, quas remiserunt tibi ante me omnes reges, et quæcumque alia dona remiserunt tibi: 6 et permitto tibi facere percussuram proprii numismatis in regione tua: 7 Jerusalem autem sanctam esse, et liberam: et omnia arma, quæ fabricata sunt, et præsidia, quæ construxisti, quæ tenes, maneant tibi. 8 Et omne debitum regis, et quæ futura sunt regi, ex hoc et in totum tempus remittuntur tibi. 9 Cum autem obtinuerimus regnum nostrum, glorificabimus te, et gentem tuam, et templum, gloria magna, ita ut manifestetur gloria vestra in universa terra.

10 ἔτους τετάρτου καὶ ἑβδομηκοστοῦ καὶ ἑκατοστοῦ ἐξῆλθεν Ἀντίοχος εἰς τὴν γῆν τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ συνῆλθον πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις ὥστε ὀλίγους εἶναι σὺν Τρύφωνι 11 καὶ ἐδίωξεν αὐτὸν Ἀντίοχος καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Δωρα φεύγων τὴν ἐπὶ θαλάσσης 12 ᾔδει γὰρ ὅτι ἐπισυνῆκται ἐ{P'} αὐτὸν τὰ κακά καὶ ἀφῆκαν αὐτὸν αἱ δυνάμεις 13 καὶ παρενέβαλεν Ἀντίοχος ἐπὶ Δωρα καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ δώδεκα μυριάδες ἀνδρῶν πολεμιστῶν καὶ ὀκτακισχιλία ἵππος 14 καὶ ἐκύκλωσεν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὰ πλοῖα ἀπὸ θαλάσσης συνῆψαν καὶ ἔθλιβε τὴν πόλιν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ οὐκ εἴασεν οὐδένα ἐκπορεύεσθαι οὐδὲ εἰσπορεύεσθαι

10 So, in the hundred and seventy-fourth year, Antiochus returned to his native country, and the armies rallied to him, until Tryphon had but a small following left; 11 all down the sea-coast he fled, with Antiochus at his heels, till he reached Dora; 12 and ever he saw the toils closing round him, now his troops had played him false. 13 With a hundred and twenty thousand foot, and eight thousand horse, Antiochus came to the gates of Dora 14 and began the siege of it; his ships, too, blockaded the coast, so that it was cut off by land and sea alike; enter it none might, nor leave it …

10 Anno centesimo septuagesimo quarto exiit Antiochus in terram patrum suorum, et convenerunt ad eum omnes exercitus, ita ut pauci relicti essent cum Tryphone. 11 Et insecutus est eum Antiochus rex, et venit Doram fugiens per maritimam: 12 sciebat enim quod congregata sunt mala in eum, et reliquit eum exercitus: 13 et applicuit Antiochus super Doram cum centum viginti millibus virorum belligeratorum, et octo millibus equitum: 14 et circuivit civitatem, et naves a mari accesserunt: et vexabant civitatem a terra et mari, et neminem sinebant ingredi vel egredi.

15 καὶ ἦλθεν Νουμήνιος καὶ οἱ πα{R'} αὐτοῦ ἐκ Ῥώμης ἔχοντες ἐπιστολὰς τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν καὶ ταῖς χώραις ἐν αἷς ἐγέγραπτο τάδε 16 Λεύκιος ὕπατος Ῥωμαίων Πτολεμαίῳ βασιλεῖ χαίρειν 17 οἱ πρεσβευταὶ τῶν Ιουδαίων ἦλθον πρὸς ἡμᾶς φίλοι ἡμῶν καὶ σύμμαχοι ἀνανεούμενοι τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς φιλίαν καὶ συμμαχίαν ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ Σιμωνος τοῦ ἀρχιερέως καὶ τοῦ δήμου τῶν Ιουδαίων 18 ἤνεγκαν δὲ ἀσπίδα χρυσῆν ἀπὸ μνῶν χιλίων 19 ἤρεσεν οὖν ἡμῖν γράψαι τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν καὶ ταῖς χώραις ὅπως μὴ ἐκζητήσωσιν αὐτοῖς κακὰ καὶ μὴ πολεμήσωσιν αὐτοὺς καὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν καὶ ἵνα μὴ συμμαχῶσιν τοῖς πολεμοῦσιν πρὸς αὐτούς 20 ἔδοξεν δὲ ἡμῖν δέξασθαι τὴν ἀσπίδα πα{R'} αὐτῶν 21 εἴ τινες οὖν λοιμοὶ διαπεφεύγασιν ἐκ τῆς χώρας αὐτῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς παράδοτε αὐτοὺς Σιμωνι τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ ὅπως ἐκδικήσῃ αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὸν νόμον αὐτῶν 22 καὶ ταὐτὰ ἔγραψεν Δημητρίῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ Ἀττάλῳ καὶ Ἀριαράθῃ καὶ Ἀρσάκῃ 23 καὶ εἰς πάσας τὰς χώρας καὶ Σαμψάμῃ καὶ Σπαρτιάταις καὶ εἰς Δῆλον καὶ εἰς Μύνδον καὶ εἰς Σικυῶνα καὶ εἰς τὴν Καρίαν καὶ εἰς Σάμον καὶ εἰς τὴν Παμφυλίαν καὶ εἰς Λυκίαν καὶ εἰς Ἁλικαρνασσὸν καὶ εἰς Ῥόδον καὶ εἰς Φασηλίδα καὶ εἰς Κῶ καὶ εἰς Σίδην καὶ εἰς Ἄραδον καὶ Γόρτυναν καὶ Κνίδον καὶ Κύπρον καὶ Κυρήνην 24 τὸ δὲ ἀντίγραφον τούτων ἔγραψαν Σιμωνι τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ

15 And now here were Numenius and his fellow envoys come back from Rome,[2] with a copy of despatches sent out to kings and nations everywhere, and this was the tenour of them. 16 Lucius, the Roman consul, to king Ptolemy, greeting. 17 Envoys we have but now received in audience from a friendly country, to wit, Judaea; the people of the Jews, with their high priest Simon, had sent to renew their old treaty of alliance with us, 18 and had made us a present besides, a golden target of a thousand minas weight. 19 Agreed we then to warn kings and nations everywhere, they should not hurt or assault the Jewish people, its cities and country-side, nor comfort its enemies; 20 and for the target of gold, our pleasure was to accept the gift of it. 21 If then there be malcontents from Judaea sheltering among you, our bidding is you should hand them over to the high priest Simon, for such punishment as the Jewish law prescribes. 22 Copies of this decree have been sent to Demetrius, Attalus, Ariarathes and Arsaces, 23 and to these countries following: Lampsacus, Sparta, Delos, Myndos, Sicyon, Caria, Samos, Pamphylia, Lycia, Halicarnassus, Coös, Side, Arados, Rhodes, Phaselis, Gortyna, Cnidus, Cyprus and Cyrene. 24 A further copy has been sent to the high priest Simon and to the Jewish people …

15 Venit autem Numenius, et qui cum eo fuerant, ab urbe Roma, habentes epistolas regibus et regionibus scriptas, in quibus continebantur hæc: 16 Lucius consul Romanorum, Ptolemæo regi salutem. 17 Legati Judæorum venerunt ad nos amici nostri, renovantes pristinam amicitiam et societatem, missi a Simone principe sacerdotum et populo Judæorum. 18 Attulerunt autem et clypeum aureum mnarum mille. 19 Placuit itaque nobis scribere regibus et regionibus, ut non inferant illis mala, neque impugnent eos, et civitates eorum, et regiones eorum: et ut non ferant auxilium pugnantibus adversus eos. 20 Visum autem est nobis accipere ab eis clypeum. 21 Si qui ergo pestilentes refugerunt de regione ipsorum ad vos, tradite eos Simoni principi sacerdotum, ut vindicet in eos secundum legem suam. 22 Hæc eadem scripta sunt Demetrio regi, et Attalo, et Ariarathi, et Arsaci, 23 et in omnes regiones: et Lampsaco, et Spartiatis, et in Delum, et in Myndum, et in Sicyonem, et in Cariam, et in Samum, et in Pamphyliam, et in Lyciam, et in Alicarnassum, et in Coo, et in Siden, et in Aradon, et in Rhodum, et in Phaselidem, et in Gortynam, et Gnidum, et Cyprum, et Cyrenen. 24 Exemplum autem eorum scripserunt Simoni principi sacerdotum, et populo Judæorum.

25 ἀντίοχος δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς παρενέβαλεν ἐπὶ Δωρα ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ προσάγων διὰ παντὸς αὐτῇ τὰς χεῖρας καὶ μηχανὰς ποιούμενος καὶ συνέκλεισεν τὸν Τρύφωνα τοῦ ἐκπορεύεσθαι καὶ εἰσπορεύεσθαι 26 καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτῷ Σιμων δισχιλίους ἄνδρας ἐκλεκτοὺς συμμαχῆσαι αὐτῷ καὶ ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον καὶ σκεύη ἱκανά 27 καὶ οὐκ ἠβούλετο αὐτὰ δέξασθαι ἀλλὰ ἠθέτησεν πάντα ὅσα συνέθετο αὐτῷ τὸ πρότερον καὶ ἠλλοτριοῦτο αὐτῷ 28 καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ἀθηνόβιον ἕνα τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ κοινολογησόμενον αὐτῷ λέγων ὑμεῖς κατακρατεῖτε τῆς Ιοππης καὶ Γαζαρων καὶ τῆς ἄκρας τῆς ἐν Ιερουσαλημ πόλεις τῆς βασιλείας μου 29 τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ἠρημώσατε καὶ ἐποιήσατε πληγὴν μεγάλην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐκυριεύσατε τόπων πολλῶν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ μου 30 νῦν οὖν παράδοτε τὰς πόλεις ἃς κατελάβεσθε καὶ τοὺς φόρους τῶν τόπων ὧν κατεκυριεύσατε ἐκτὸς τῶν ὁρίων τῆς Ιουδαίας 31 εἰ δὲ μή δότε ἀν{T'} αὐτῶν πεντακόσια τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ τῆς καταφθορᾶς ἧς κατεφθάρκατε καὶ τῶν φόρων τῶν πόλεων ἄλλα τάλαντα πεντακόσια εἰ δὲ μή παραγενόμενοι ἐκπολεμήσομεν ὑμᾶς

25 Once again[3] king Antiochus laid siege to Dora, bringing fresh force to bear, and devising fresh engines; and ever he kept Tryphon hemmed in, so that escape was none. 26 Thereupon Simon despatched two thousand picked men to aid in the siege, with silver and gold and a deal of tackle besides; 27 but accept them the king would not; all his promises were forgot, and Simon a stranger now. 28 Athenobius it was, one of the king’s friends, that came to treat with him, and this was the message he bore: Cities of mine you hold, Joppe, and Gazara, and Jerusalem citadel; 29 lands about them you have laid waste, and done Syria much mischief besides, encroaching everywhere on my domain. 30 Needs must you should hand over cities you have occupied, revenues of Gentile lands you have detained, 31 or else five hundred talents of silver in exchange, and five hundred more to compensate for damage done and revenue lost; if not, we will come and overpower you by force of arms.

25 Antiochus autem rex applicuit castra in Doram secundo, admovens ei semper manus, et machinas faciens: et conclusit Tryphonem, ne procederet: 26 et misit ad eum Simon duo millia virorum electorum in auxilium, et argentum, et aurum, et vasa copiosa: 27 et noluit ea accipere, sed rupit omnia, quæ pactus est cum eo antea, et alienavit se ab eo. 28 Et misit ad eum Athenobium unum de amicis suis, ut tractaret cum ipso, dicens: Vos tenetis Joppen, et Gazaram, et arcem, quæ est in Jerusalem, civitates regni mei: 29 fines earum desolastis, et fecistis plagam magnam in terra, et dominati estis per loca multa in regno meo. 30 Nunc ergo tradite civitates quas occupastis, et tributa locorum in quibus dominati estis extra fines Judææ: 31 sin autem, date pro illis quingenta talenta argenti, et exterminii, quod exterminastis, et tributorum civitatum alia talenta quingenta: sin autem, veniemus, et expugnabimus vos.

32 καὶ ἦλθεν Ἀθηνόβιος ὁ φίλος τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ εἶδεν τὴν δόξαν Σιμωνος καὶ κυλικεῖον μετὰ χρυσωμάτων καὶ ἀργυρωμάτων καὶ παράστασιν ἱκανὴν καὶ ἐξίστατο καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτῷ τοὺς λόγους τοῦ βασιλέως 33 καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς Σιμων εἶπεν αὐτῷ οὔτε γῆν ἀλλοτρίαν εἰλήφαμεν οὔτε ἀλλοτρίων κεκρατήκαμεν ἀλλὰ τῆς κληρονομίας τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ὑπὸ δὲ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν ἀκρίτως ἔν τινι καιρῷ κατεκρατήθη 34 ἡμεῖς δὲ καιρὸν ἔχοντες ἀντεχόμεθα τῆς κληρονομίας τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν 35 περὶ δὲ Ιοππης καὶ Γαζαρων ὧν αἰτεῖς αὗται ἐποίουν ἐν τῷ λαῷ πληγὴν μεγάλην καὶ τὴν χώραν ἡμῶν τούτων δώσομεν τάλαντα ἑκατόν 36 καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ λόγον ἀπέστρεψεν δὲ μετὰ θυμοῦ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτῷ τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ τὴν δόξαν Σιμωνος καὶ πάντα ὅσα εἶδεν καὶ ὠργίσθη ὁ βασιλεὺς ὀργὴν μεγάλην 37 τρύφων δὲ ἐμβὰς εἰς πλοῖον ἔφυγεν εἰς Ὀρθωσίαν 38 καὶ κατέστησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν Κενδεβαῖον ἐπιστράτηγον τῆς παραλίας καὶ δυνάμεις πεζικὰς καὶ ἱππικὰς ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ 39 καὶ ἐνετείλατο αὐτῷ παρεμβάλλειν κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ ἐνετείλατο αὐτῷ οἰκοδομῆσαι τὴν Κεδρων καὶ ὀχυρῶσαι τὰς πύλας καὶ ὅπως πολεμῇ τὸν λαόν ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐδίωκε τὸν Τρύφωνα 40 καὶ παρεγενήθη Κενδεβαῖος εἰς Ιάμνειαν καὶ ἤρξατο τοῦ ἐρεθίζειν τὸν λαὸν καὶ ἐμβατεύειν εἰς τὴν Ιουδαίαν καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζειν τὸν λαὸν καὶ φονεύειν 41 καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν Κεδρων καὶ ἀπέταξεν ἐκεῖ ἱππεῖς καὶ δυνάμεις ὅπως ἐκπορευόμενοι ἐξοδεύωσιν τὰς ὁδοὺς τῆς Ιουδαίας καθὰ συνέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεύς

32 So came Athenobius, the king’s friend, to Jerusalem, where he saw what state Simon kept, much display of gold and silver, and a great throng of attendants, till he was dazzled at the sight. Yet delivered he his errand; 33 to which Simon made this answer: Other men’s fief seized we never, nor other men’s rights detain; here be lands that were our fathers’ once, by enemies of ours for some while wrongfully held; 34 opportunity given us, should we not claim the patrimony we had lost? 35 As for thy talk of Joppe and Gazara, these were cities did much mischief to people and land of ours; for the worth of them, thou shalt have a hundred talents if thou wilt. Never a word said Athenobius, 36 but went back to the king very ill pleased, and told him what answer was given; of Simon’s court, too, and of all else he had seen.

Antiochus was in a great taking of anger; 37 here was Tryphon newly escaped by ship to Orthosias! 38 He must needs leave the sea-coast in charge of Cendebaeus, with a strong command both of horse and foot, 39 while himself gave Tryphon chase. This Cendebaeus had orders to advance and threaten Judaea; Gedor[4] he should fortify, and there make himself fast, the better to levy war on Juda. 40 So he marched away to Jamnia, and set about harassing the Jews; now it was an inroad, with prisoners carried away, now a massacre; and all the while he was fortifying Gedor. 41 Cavalry he quartered there, and other troops besides, to sally out and patrol the roads into Judaea; the king would have it so.

32 Et venit Athenobius amicus regis in Jerusalem, et vidit gloriam Simonis, et claritatem in auro, et argento, et apparatum copiosum: et obstupuit, et retulit ei verba regis. 33 Et respondit ei Simon, et dixit ei: Neque alienam terram sumpsimus, neque aliena detinemus: sed hæreditatem patrum nostrorum, quæ injuste ab inimicis nostris aliquo tempore possessa est. 34 Nos vero tempus habentes, vindicamus hæreditatem patrum nostrorum. 35 Nam de Joppe et Gazara quæ expostulas, ipsi faciebant in populo plagam magnam, et in regione nostra: horum damus talenta centum. Et non respondit ei Athenobius verbum. 36 Reversus autem cum ira ad regem, renuntiavit ei verba ista, et gloriam Simonis, et universa quæ vidit, et iratus est rex ira magna. 37 Tryphon autem fugit navi in Orthosiada. 38 Et constituit rex Cendebæum ducem maritimum, et exercitum peditum et equitum dedit illi. 39 Et mandavit illi movere castra contra faciem Judææ: et mandavit ei ædificare Gedorem, et obstruere portas civitatis, et debellare populum. Rex autem persequebatur Typhonem. 40 Et pervenit Cendebæus Jamniam, et cœpit irritare plebem, et conculcare Judæam, et captivare populum, et interficere, et ædificare Gedorem. 41 Et collocavit illic equites et exercitum, ut egressi perambularent viam Judææ, sicut constituit ei rex.

[1] Antiochus was son to the Demetrius whose death is recorded in 10.50, brother to the Demetrius first mentioned in 10.67.

[2] v. 15-24. See note on 14.24.

[3] Some Greek manuscripts have ‘on the second day’, instead of ‘once again’, but this is probably a correction, designed to clear up a difficulty. Nothing has been said which implies that the siege described in verse 14 had come to an end; and it is not easy to account for the mention of a second siege, unless we suppose a gap in the manuscript which has been accidentally filled up by verses 15-24.

[4] ‘Gedor’ is ‘Cedron’ in the Greek text, here and in verse 40 below, to correspond with verse 9 of the following chapter.

Knox Translation Copyright © 2013 Westminster Diocese
Nihil Obstat. Father Anton Cowan, Censor.
Imprimatur. +Most Rev. Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster. 8th January 2012.
Re-typeset and published in 2012 by Baronius Press Ltd